Running head: Adaptive instrument for Regulation of Emotions Regulation of Emotions in Socially Challenging Learning Situations: an Instrument to Measure the Adaptive and Social Nature of the Regulation Process

Self-regulated learning research has conventionally relied on measures, which treat SRL as an aptitude. To study self-regulation and motivation in learning contexts as an ongoing adaptive process, situation-specific methods are needed in addition to static measures. This article presents an ‘Adaptive Instrument for Regulation of Emotions’ (AIRE) aimed at accessing students’ experiences of individual and socially shared regulation of emotions in a socially challenging learning situation. The instrument, grounded in self and socially regulated learning theory, comprises four interrelated components: the socioemotional challenges experienced in a collaborative learning situation; individual and group-level attempts to regulate the immediate emotions evoked by the challenges; and the personal goals and their attainment pursued in that situation. The theoretical foundation of the instrument and its components are outlined and some reliability issues illustrated. The limitations but also educational potential of the instrument to understand regulation of emotions in socially challenging learning situations are discussed.